Queen Mary at the instance of Simon Renard affiancing herself to Philip of Spain, 1840. Artist: George Cruikshank

Queen Mary at the instance of Simon Renard affiancing herself to Philip of Spain, 1840. Renard was the Ambassador of Philip's father, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and was a close confidant of Mary. The marriage failed to produce the hoped for Catholic heir to the English throne, and the Protestant Elizabeth I became queen after Mary's death. A print from The Tower of London a Historical Romance, by William Harrison Ainsworth, Richard Bently, New Burlington Street, London, 1840. (Photo by The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images)